the crisis accepting and the crisis challenging organizations

an the managers have experienced one kind of crisis or another in their organizations, and hence are willing to group and empower themselves in challenging them. this article while classifying the organizations in two categories as crisis accepting and crisis challenging, suggestion for making the organization as crisis challenging have been given. the process of crisis creation, three perspectives involved in this matter which the third one is a mixture of technological complextion and human errors have been designed in a four layered (dimentional) model to describe how to challenge the crisis